Review and the understand the concepts of functional and esthetic crown-lengthening.

Review the concept of “biologic width” and “ferrule effect”, and how that relates to functional crown-lengthening.

Learn the indications and contraindication for crown-lengthening procedures.

Understand the etiology and diagnose of excessive gingival display (gummy smile) and when to manage by esthetic crown-lengthening.

Review the “proportions” of anterior maxillary dentition and how can esthetic crown-lengthening help to craft harmonious proportions.

Review the evidence behinds crown-lengthening procedures and develop an evidence-based approach on when to restore crown-lengthened teeth.